Chemical structure modification of Brazilin-based natural dye with TiO2 nanostructure improves photovoltaic properties for maximum simulated PCE for DSSCs application

Malashi N.M., School of Materials, Energy, Water, and Environmental Sciences, The Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology (NM-AIST), P. O. Box 447, Arusha, Tanzania, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Mbeya University of Science and Technology (MUST), P.O. Box 131, Mbeya, Tanzania; Jande Y.A.C., School of Materials, Energy, Water, and Environmental Sciences, The Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology (NM-AIST), P. O. Box 447, Arusha, Tanzania, Water Infrastructure and Sustainable Energy Futures Centre, Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, Arusha, Tanzania; Wazzan N., Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Safi Z., Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Al Azhar University - Gaza, P.O Box 1277, Gaza, Palestine; Al-Qurashi O.S., Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Costa R., Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Technology and Environmental Studies, The Open University of Tanzania (OUT), P. O Box 23409, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania