Cross-cultural comparison of mental illness stigma and help-seeking attitudes: a multinational population-based study from 16 Arab countries and 10,036 individuals

Fekih-Romdhane, Feten, Faculté de Médecine de Tunis, Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia, Department of Psychiatry Ibn Omrane, Université de Tunis El Manar, Hôpital Razi, Manouba, Tunisia; Jahrami, Haitham Ali, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain, Ministry of Health, Manama, Manama, Bahrain; Stambouli, Manel, Faculté de Médecine de Tunis, Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia, Department of Psychiatry Ibn Omrane, Université de Tunis El Manar, Hôpital Razi, Manouba, Tunisia; Al-Huwailah, Amthal Hadi, Department of Psychology, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Safat, Kuwait; Helmy, Mai Salah El Din Mohamed, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, Shibin El Kom, Monufia, Egypt; Shuwiekh, Hanaa Ahmed Mohamed, Department of Psychology, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Faiyum, Egypt; Lemine, Cheikh Mohamed Fadel Mohamed, Department of Psychiatry, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Hassan II, Fez, Fes-Meknes, Morocco; Radwan, Eqbal S., Department of Biology, Islamic University of Gaza, Gaza, Palestine; Saquib, Juliann, Department of Clinical Sciences, Sulaiman Al Rajhi University, Buraidah, Al Qasim, Saudi Arabia; Saquib, Nazmus, Department of Clinical Sciences, Sulaiman Al Rajhi University, Buraidah, Al Qasim, Saudi Arabia; Fawaz, Mirna A., Department of Nursing, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Mount Lebanon, Lebanon; Zarrouq, Btissame, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Laboratory of Epidemiology and Research in Health Sciences, Fez, Morocco; Naser, Abdallah Y., Department of Applied Pharmaceutical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, Isra University, Amman, Amman, Jordan; Obeid, Sahar, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Jounieh, Mount Lebanon, Lebanon; Hallit, Souheil R., Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Jounieh, Mount Lebanon, Lebanon; Saleh, Maan A.Bari Qasem, Department of Psychiatry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Ash Sharqiyah, Saudi Arabia; Haider, Sanad, Behavioral Sciences Dep. A, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Aden, Aden, Yemen; Daher-Nashif, Suhad, QU Health, College of Medicine, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar; Miloud, Lahmer, Centre de Recherche en Anthropologie Sociale et Culturelle, Oran, Oran Province, Algeria; Badrasawi, Manal M.H., Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Nablus, Palestine; Hamdan-Mansour, Ayman M., School of Nursing, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan; Barbato, Mariapaola, Department of Psychology, Zayed University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates; Bakhiet, Aisha Motwakil, Department of Psychiatry, Khartoum University, Khartoum, Sudan; Khalil, Najat Sayem, Department of Psychology, Sana'a University, Sana'a, Yemen; AL-Adawi, Samir H., Department of Behavioural Medicine, Sultan Qaboos University College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Muscat, Oman; Grein, Fatheya, Sebha Psychiatry Center, Sebha, Libya; Chérif, Wissal, Faculté de Médecine de Tunis, Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia, Department of Psychiatry Ibn Omrane, Université de Tunis El Manar, Hôpital Razi, Manouba, Tunisia; Chalghaf, Nasr, Institut Supérieur du Sport et de l'Education Physique de Sfax, Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia; Husni, Mariwan Hassan, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain; AlRasheed, Maha Meshal, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Riyad, Saudi Arabia; Cheour, Majda, Faculté de Médecine de Tunis, Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia, Department of Psychiatry Ibn Omrane, Université de Tunis El Manar, Hôpital Razi, Manouba, Tunisia